plaque rupture
Disruption of atherosclerotic plaque fibrous cap leading to thrombosis and acute coronary syndrome.
Full Definition
Plaque rupture is the pathophysiological mechanism underlying most acute coronary syndromes, involving disruption or fissuring of the fibrous cap covering an atherosclerotic plaque. This exposes the highly thrombogenic lipid core to circulating blood, triggering platelet aggregation and thrombus formation that can partially or completely occlude the coronary artery. Vulnerable plaques prone to rupture are characterized by thin fibrous caps, large lipid cores, and active inflammation. Recognition of plaque rupture features on angiography or intravascular imaging helps guide treatment decisions and risk stratification.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from plaque erosion, which doesn't involve cap rupture.
In Context
- "Intravascular ultrasound confirmed plaque rupture with visible cavity and overlying thrombus." — IVUS interpretation report
- "The angiographic appearance suggested acute plaque rupture as the culprit mechanism." — Cardiac catheterization report