Type A aortic dissection
Life-threatening tear in ascending aorta requiring immediate surgical intervention.
Full Definition
Type A aortic dissection is a cardiovascular emergency involving a tear in the intimal layer of the ascending aorta, allowing blood to flow between the vessel wall layers. According to the Stanford classification, Type A dissections involve the ascending aorta regardless of the site of the primary tear, while Type B dissections are confined to the descending aorta distal to the left subclavian artery. Type A dissections require immediate surgical repair due to high risk of rupture, cardiac tamponade, acute aortic regurgitation, or coronary artery compromise. Clinical presentation includes sudden, severe chest or back pain described as tearing or ripping. Diagnosis is confirmed with CT angiography, and mortality without surgery approaches 1-2% per hour in the acute phase.
Usage
Usage note: Capitalize 'Type A' when referring to Stanford classification; distinguish from DeBakey classification.
In Context
- "CT angiography confirmed Type A aortic dissection extending from the aortic root to the arch." — Radiology report
- "The patient was emergently transferred for surgical repair of Type A aortic dissection." — Emergency department transfer note