Apexification
Pronunciation: ay-PEK-si-fih-KAY-shun
A procedure to induce closure of the open apex of an immature non-vital tooth, traditionally using long-term calcium hydroxide dressing.
Full Definition
Apexification is an endodontic procedure aimed at stimulating calcific closure of the apex of an immature permanent tooth with a necrotic pulp. Historically, repeated dressing changes with calcium hydroxide paste over months or years were used. Contemporary practice increasingly favours one-visit MTA apical plug placement as a faster alternative, though purists restrict the term 'apexification' to the biological process of apex closure rather than the mechanical barrier approach. Editors must distinguish apexification from apexogenesis (which requires a vital pulp to produce physiological root development) and from the apical plug technique. The term carries a specific prognostic and treatment-planning meaning; erroneous substitution distorts the clinical narrative.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish rigorously from 'apexogenesis', which applies to vital teeth. Note that some authors conflate the apical plug procedure with apexification; query this if the pulp status is vital.
In Context
- "Traditional apexification using calcium hydroxide dressings was planned due to the immature apex and absent pulp vitality." — Pediatric endodontic treatment plan
- "The author uses 'apexification' and 'apexogenesis' interchangeably; these are distinct terms and the manuscript requires correction." — Peer-review comment