Microsurgery
Endodontic surgical procedures performed under high magnification using a surgical microscope or loupe, including apicoectomy and retrograde filling.
Full Definition
Endodontic microsurgery refers to periradicular surgical procedures conducted with the aid of a surgical operating microscope (SOM) or high-power loupes, along with microsurgical instruments and ultrasonic root-end preparation tips. The operating microscope typically provides ×4–×25 magnification, enabling precise tissue management, thorough resection of the root end, and accurate placement of root-end filling materials. Microsurgery has largely replaced traditional 'macro' periradicular surgery in specialist practice and is associated with significantly higher success rates due to improved visualisation. Editors must distinguish endodontic microsurgery from periradicular surgery (the broader category) and from apicoectomy (a step within the procedure, not a synonym for the whole surgical episode).
Usage
Usage note: Do not use 'apicoectomy' as a synonym for the entire surgical procedure; apicoectomy is a single step (root-end resection) within endodontic microsurgery.
In Context
- "Endodontic microsurgery was indicated following failed orthograde retreatment of the upper left lateral incisor." — Surgical case referral
- "The outcomes data for endodontic microsurgery should not be cited to support conventional periradicular surgery outcomes, as success rates differ significantly." — Systematic review editorial note