Periapical Radiograph
An intraoral radiographic image showing the full length of one or more teeth, including the root apices and surrounding alveolar bone.
Full Definition
A periapical radiograph (PA radiograph) is the standard intraoral radiographic view used in endodontic practice to assess root morphology, canal anatomy, periapical pathology, working length, and treatment outcomes. The image captures the entire tooth from crown to apex and a minimum of 3 mm of the surrounding periapical bone. In editorial contexts, 'periapical radiograph' and 'periapical X-ray' are both acceptable; the abbreviation 'PA' is standard in operative shorthand but should be expanded at first use in formal documents. Editors must not confuse it with a bitewing radiograph, which does not capture the root apices.
Usage
Usage note: Do not confuse with 'bitewing radiograph,' which shows only the coronal portions of teeth and is not diagnostic for periapical pathology.
In Context
- "A pre-operative periapical radiograph was taken to assess root length and canal curvature prior to treatment." — Operative note
- "Post-obturation periapical radiographs confirmed adequate density and length of the root fillings." — Radiographic assessment note