Sodium Hypochlorite Accident
An adverse event occurring when sodium hypochlorite irrigant is inadvertently expressed beyond the root apex into periapical tissues, causing a severe inflammatory reaction.
Full Definition
A sodium hypochlorite accident (also called NaOCl extrusion incident) occurs when the irrigant escapes the root canal system into periapical or adjacent tissues, typically due to excessive needle pressure, a tightly fitting needle, or an overextended working length. Clinical manifestations include immediate severe pain, rapid swelling, haematoma formation, and potential paraesthesia or necrosis of surrounding structures. Although NaOCl is a standard endodontic irrigant, its cytotoxicity makes inadvertent extrusion a recognised clinical emergency. Editors processing case reports or adverse event narratives must ensure the sequence of events, management steps, and follow-up timeline are clearly and chronologically documented.
Usage
Usage note: Do not abbreviate to 'NaOCl accident' in the abstract or first use; spell out the full term and introduce the abbreviation parenthetically if used repeatedly.
In Context
- "A sodium hypochlorite accident occurred during irrigation of the palatal root, resulting in immediate periorbital swelling and haematoma." — Adverse event case report
- "The manuscript should specify the concentration of sodium hypochlorite used, as this is a key variable in sodium hypochlorite accident severity." — Editorial review comment