Breakthrough seizure
A seizure that occurs despite therapeutic antiseizure medication levels and compliance.
Full Definition
A breakthrough seizure refers to the occurrence of a seizure in a patient who has been seizure-free for a period of time while on stable antiseizure medication therapy with documented therapeutic drug levels and good medication adherence. These seizures represent a failure of the current treatment regimen despite optimal medical management and may indicate the need for medication adjustment, additional therapies, or investigation of precipitating factors. Breakthrough seizures can be particularly concerning for patients who drive or engage in activities where seizures pose safety risks, often requiring temporary activity restrictions.
Usage
Usage note: Implies previous seizure control and therapeutic medication levels; distinct from withdrawal or provoked seizures.
In Context
- "The patient experienced a breakthrough seizure despite therapeutic carbamazepine levels and excellent compliance." — Emergency department note
- "Investigation of the breakthrough seizure revealed sleep deprivation as a potential trigger." — Epilepsy clinic follow-up