Infantile spasms
A specific seizure type occurring in infancy, characterized by sudden flexion or extension movements, often occurring in clusters.
Full Definition
Infantile spasms are a distinctive seizure type that typically begins between 2-12 months of age, with peak onset around 4-6 months. The spasms consist of sudden, brief contractions involving the neck, trunk, and extremities, and can be flexor (jack-knife), extensor, or mixed. They typically occur in clusters upon awakening and may be associated with developmental regression. Infantile spasms are often part of West syndrome when accompanied by hypsarrhythmia on EEG and developmental delay. Early recognition and treatment with ACTH or vigabatrin is crucial for optimal outcomes.
Usage
Usage note: The term 'epileptic spasms' is increasingly preferred to reflect that these can occur beyond infancy.
In Context
- "The infant developed infantile spasms at 5 months of age, occurring in clusters every morning." — Pediatric neurology evaluation
- "Video-EEG captured typical infantile spasms with associated electrodecremental response." — Diagnostic study report