Spike-and-wave
A characteristic EEG pattern consisting of a sharp spike followed by a slow wave, typical of certain seizure types.
Full Definition
Spike-and-wave is a distinctive electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern characterized by a high-amplitude sharp spike followed immediately by a slower, rounded wave component. This pattern occurs at specific frequencies and is pathognomonic for certain epilepsy syndromes. The classic 3-Hz spike-and-wave discharge is the hallmark of childhood absence epilepsy, while other frequencies (such as 2.5-Hz or 4-6 Hz) may be associated with different epilepsy syndromes. The pattern represents synchronized abnormal electrical activity across the brain and is one of the most recognizable epileptiform discharges in clinical neurophysiology.
Usage
Usage note: Hyphenated when used as a compound adjective; frequency specification (e.g., 3-Hz) is clinically important.
In Context
- "The EEG showed typical 3-Hz spike-and-wave discharges during the absence seizure." — EEG interpretation report
- "Generalized spike-and-wave activity was triggered by hyperventilation during the recording." — Neurophysiology report