biophysical profile
Antepartum fetal assessment combining ultrasound evaluation of fetal movements, tone, breathing, and amniotic fluid with non-stress testing.
Full Definition
The biophysical profile (BPP) is a comprehensive antepartum surveillance tool that evaluates fetal well-being through five parameters: fetal breathing movements, gross body movements, fetal tone, amniotic fluid volume (oligohydramnios assessment), and reactive non-stress test. Each parameter receives a score of 0 or 2 points, with a maximum total score of 10. The test is typically performed when there are concerns about fetal compromise, such as in post-term pregnancies, intrauterine growth restriction, maternal diabetes, or decreased fetal movement. A score of 8-10 is considered normal, 6 is equivocal requiring close monitoring or delivery consideration, and 4 or less indicates significant fetal compromise requiring immediate intervention. The BPP combines real-time ultrasound assessment with cardiotocographic monitoring to provide a comprehensive picture of fetal status.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as BPP; scores are always expressed as fractions (e.g., 8/10).
In Context
- "The biophysical profile scored 8/10 with absent fetal breathing movements at 41 weeks gestation." — Antepartum testing report
- "Weekly biophysical profiles were initiated due to suspected IUGR and oligohydramnios." — Surveillance protocol