delirium
Acute confusional state characterized by rapid onset of altered consciousness, attention deficits, and cognitive fluctuation.
Full Definition
Delirium is an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by disturbed consciousness, reduced ability to focus attention, and cognitive changes that develop over hours to days and fluctuate throughout the day. It is particularly common in elderly hospitalized patients and can present as hyperactive (agitated), hypoactive (withdrawn), or mixed types. Delirium is often precipitated by medical illness, medications, surgery, or environmental factors in vulnerable individuals. Unlike dementia, delirium has a rapid onset and is potentially reversible with treatment of underlying causes. Early recognition and intervention are crucial as delirium is associated with increased mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and long-term cognitive impairment.
Usage
Usage note: Singular form is 'delirium'; plural is 'deliriums' or 'deliria.' Avoid confusing with 'delirious' (adjective).
In Context
- "The patient developed postoperative delirium requiring immediate medical evaluation." — Hospital progress note
- "Delirium screening protocols were implemented throughout the geriatric unit." — Quality improvement initiative