executive dysfunction
Impairment in higher-order cognitive functions affecting planning, decision-making, and behavioral control, commonly seen in dementia patients.
Full Definition
Executive dysfunction refers to deficits in cognitive processes that control and regulate other abilities and behaviors. In geriatric psychiatry, it manifests as difficulties with planning, working memory, attention, problem-solving, verbal reasoning, inhibition, and mental flexibility. This condition is particularly prevalent in frontotemporal dementia and vascular dementia, where patients may retain memory but struggle with judgment and decision-making. Assessment typically involves neuropsychological testing and functional evaluations. Treatment focuses on environmental modifications and structured routines to compensate for cognitive deficits.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from general cognitive decline; executive dysfunction may be selective.
In Context
- "The patient's executive dysfunction made it impossible for her to manage her finances despite preserved episodic memory." — neuropsychological assessment report
- "Executive dysfunction often precedes other cognitive symptoms in frontotemporal dementia." — clinical case notes