vascular dementia
Progressive cognitive decline caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, often following stroke or other vascular events.
Full Definition
Vascular dementia represents the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease, resulting from impaired blood circulation to brain tissue. Unlike Alzheimer's, which typically shows gradual onset, vascular dementia often presents with stepwise deterioration following vascular events. The condition may manifest as multi-infarct dementia from multiple small strokes, or as strategic single-infarct dementia affecting critical brain regions. Cognitive symptoms vary based on the location and extent of vascular damage, with executive function and processing speed frequently affected early in the disease course.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from 'vascular cognitive impairment' which encompasses the full spectrum from mild to severe.
In Context
- "The patient's stepwise cognitive decline following multiple TIAs suggested vascular dementia rather than Alzheimer's disease." — Neuropsychological assessment report
- "Vascular dementia risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation." — Geriatric psychiatry consultation note