Confusion Assessment Method
A validated clinical screening tool used to identify delirium in hospitalised patients, including those in geriatric rehabilitation settings; commonly abbreviated as CAM.
Full Definition
The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) is a standardised diagnostic algorithm developed by Inouye et al. (1990) to enable non-psychiatrist clinicians to detect delirium rapidly. It evaluates four key features: acute onset and fluctuating course, inattention, disorganised thinking, and altered level of consciousness. A positive CAM result requires features 1 and 2, plus either feature 3 or 4. In geriatric rehabilitation documentation, CAM scores must be transcribed accurately with reference to each feature assessed. Editors should ensure 'CAM' is expanded on first use and not confused with 'CAM-ICU', a variant adapted for intensive care unit use.
Usage
Usage note: Expand 'CAM' to 'Confusion Assessment Method' on first use. Do not abbreviate to 'confusion assessment' without the full method name. CAM-ICU is a distinct tool and should not be substituted.
In Context
- "The nursing assessment included a Confusion Assessment Method screen, which was positive for features of inattention and disorganised thinking." — Inpatient nursing assessment
- "Daily CAM screening was documented for all patients over 75 years admitted to the rehabilitation ward." — Geriatric rehabilitation unit protocol