glenohumeral subluxation
Pronunciation: glee-noh-HYOO-mer-al sub-luk-SAY-shun
Partial dislocation of the head of the humerus from the glenoid fossa of the shoulder joint, commonly occurring in hemiplegic older adults after stroke due to loss of rotator cuff muscle support.
Full Definition
Glenohumeral subluxation is characterised by inferior displacement of the humeral head away from the glenoid cavity, most commonly resulting from flaccid hemiplegia following stroke, in which the weight of the unsupported arm overcomes the weakened rotator cuff and deltoid muscles. It is a significant source of shoulder pain and can impede upper limb rehabilitation. Management includes positioning, supportive slings, strapping, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Editors should note that 'subluxation' implies a partial — not complete — dislocation; a complete displacement is termed 'dislocation.' In clinical documents, 'glenohumeral subluxation' should not be shortened to 'shoulder subluxation' without qualification, as subluxation can occur at other shoulder-adjacent joints.
Usage
Usage note: Always distinguish 'subluxation' (partial) from 'dislocation' (complete). Retain the full anatomical descriptor 'glenohumeral' in formal documents rather than shortening to 'shoulder subluxation.'
In Context
- "The stroke rehabilitation team noted a two-fingerbreadth glenohumeral subluxation on the affected side and prescribed a hemisling for positioning during ambulation." — Stroke rehabilitation assessment note
- "Failure to correctly identify and document glenohumeral subluxation at admission can lead to inadequate pain management and delayed upper limb rehabilitation." — Clinical audit report