peritoneal cytology
Laboratory analysis of fluid collected from the peritoneal cavity to detect malignant cells. Important staging procedure in gynecologic oncology.
Full Definition
Peritoneal cytology involves the collection and microscopic examination of fluid from the peritoneal cavity to identify the presence of malignant cells. This procedure is typically performed during staging laparotomy or laparoscopy for gynecologic malignancies, particularly ovarian and endometrial cancers. Fluid may be obtained from various sites including the pelvis, paracolic gutters, and subdiaphragmatic spaces. If no free fluid is present, saline irrigation (peritoneal washings) is performed to collect cells for analysis. Positive peritoneal cytology can upstage certain cancers and influence treatment decisions, though its prognostic significance varies by tumor type.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish between spontaneous ascites and peritoneal washings in reporting.
In Context
- "Peritoneal cytology was negative for malignant cells in all samples collected." — pathology report
- "The staging procedure included peritoneal cytology from multiple abdominal sites." — operative note