pneumoperitoneum
Pronunciation: NEW-moh-pair-ih-toh-NEE-um
Introduction of gas into the peritoneal cavity to create working space for laparoscopic surgery. Typically uses carbon dioxide for safety.
Full Definition
Pneumoperitoneum refers to the presence of gas within the peritoneal cavity, most commonly created deliberately during laparoscopic surgery to provide visualization and working space for the surgeon. Carbon dioxide is the preferred gas because of its high solubility in blood and rapid absorption, reducing the risk of gas embolism. The gas is introduced through a small incision, either using a Veress needle technique or through a trocar after direct visualization. Adequate pneumoperitoneum allows separation of organs and provides the three-dimensional working space necessary for safe laparoscopic manipulation of pelvic structures.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish between therapeutic pneumoperitoneum (for surgery) and pathologic pneumoperitoneum (from perforation).
In Context
- "Pneumoperitoneum was established using CO2 insufflation to 15 mmHg pressure." — operative report
- "Good pneumoperitoneum provided excellent visualization of the pelvic anatomy." — laparoscopic procedure note