graft-versus-leukemia effect
Also written as: GVL — graft-versus-leukemia
The beneficial immunologic reaction where donor immune cells recognize and eliminate residual malignant cells in the recipient.
Full Definition
The graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect represents the therapeutic benefit of allogeneic stem cell transplantation beyond the conditioning regimen, wherein donor-derived immune cells, particularly T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, recognize and eliminate residual leukemic cells through immunologic mechanisms. This effect is closely associated with graft-versus-host disease but can occur independently. The GVL effect is evidenced by lower relapse rates following allogeneic versus autologous transplantation and increased relapse risk with T-cell depletion. Donor lymphocyte infusions can be used to enhance this effect in patients with relapsed disease post-transplant.
Usage
Usage note: Commonly abbreviated as GVL. Often occurs concurrently with graft-versus-host disease but represents a distinct therapeutic mechanism.
In Context
- "The patient's sustained remission was attributed to the graft-versus-leukemia effect." — Follow-up assessment
- "Donor lymphocyte infusion was administered to enhance the graft-versus-leukemia effect." — Relapse management