monopolar electrosurgery
An electrosurgical technique using a single active electrode where electrical current passes through the patient's body to a return electrode pad.
Full Definition
Monopolar electrosurgery is an electrocautery technique commonly used in laparoscopic procedures where high-frequency electrical current flows from an active electrode (such as a hook or spatula) through the patient's tissues to a dispersive return electrode pad placed on the patient's skin. This method allows for precise cutting and coagulation of tissues but requires careful technique to avoid unintended thermal injury to adjacent structures. In laparoscopic surgery, monopolar instruments must be used with particular caution due to the risk of capacitive coupling and direct coupling injuries.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from bipolar electrosurgery; monopolar requires a return electrode pad.
In Context
- "Monopolar electrosurgery was used to divide adhesions while maintaining hemostasis." — Operative report
- "The surgeon switched to bipolar mode to avoid the risks associated with monopolar electrosurgery near the bowel." — Intraoperative decision note