subcutaneous emphysema
The presence of gas under the skin, often occurring as a complication of laparoscopic surgery when CO2 tracks through tissue planes.
Full Definition
Subcutaneous emphysema in laparoscopic surgery refers to the abnormal accumulation of carbon dioxide in the subcutaneous tissue layers, typically occurring when insufflation gas escapes from the peritoneal cavity and migrates along fascial planes. This complication can result from trocar site leakage, extraperitoneal insufflation, or high intra-abdominal pressures forcing gas through tissue defects. Patients may experience skin crepitus (crackling sensation), swelling, and discomfort in affected areas, commonly the chest, neck, or shoulders. While usually benign and self-resolving as CO2 is absorbed, extensive subcutaneous emphysema may cause respiratory compromise and requires monitoring.
Usage
Usage note: Hyphenate when used as compound adjective (subcutaneous-emphysema pattern).
In Context
- "Mild subcutaneous emphysema was noted in the neck region postoperatively." — Postoperative examination
- "The patient developed extensive subcutaneous emphysema requiring observation." — Complication management