cord prolapse
Obstetric emergency where the umbilical cord descends through the cervix ahead of or alongside the fetus, potentially compromising fetal blood flow.
Full Definition
Umbilical cord prolapse is a rare but serious obstetric emergency occurring when the umbilical cord passes through the cervix before or beside the presenting fetal part. This condition can cause cord compression, leading to fetal hypoxia and potential death if not immediately addressed. Risk factors include malpresentation (especially breech), polyhydramnios, premature rupture of membranes, and multiple pregnancy. Overt cord prolapse involves visible cord at the introitus, while occult prolapse occurs when the cord lies alongside the presenting part within the vagina. Management requires immediate elevation of the presenting part to relieve cord compression and emergency cesarean delivery. The condition has an incidence of approximately 1 in 300-600 deliveries.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from cord presentation where cord is palpable through intact membranes.
In Context
- "Overt cord prolapse was diagnosed immediately after membrane rupture." — Emergency cesarean indication
- "The emergency response protocol for cord prolapse was activated." — Labor and delivery incident report