oncogene
Pronunciation: ON-ko-jeen
A mutated or overexpressed gene that promotes cancer development by driving abnormal cell growth and division.
Full Definition
An oncogene is a gene that, when altered or overexpressed, contributes to the transformation of normal cells into cancer cells. Oncogenes typically arise from normal genes called proto-oncogenes that regulate cell growth and division. Common examples include MYC, RAS, HER2, and EGFR. These genes can become oncogenic through point mutations, gene amplification, or chromosomal translocations. Understanding specific oncogenes involved in different cancers has led to the development of targeted therapies that specifically inhibit these aberrant pathways.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from tumor suppressor genes, which normally prevent cancer when functional.
In Context
- "The tumor exhibited amplification of the HER2 oncogene." — molecular pathology report
- "Targeting the mutated oncogene with specific inhibitors showed promising results." — research summary