ductus venosus
Pronunciation: DUK-tus ve-NO-sus
Fetal blood vessel shunting oxygenated blood from umbilical vein directly to inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver.
Full Definition
The ductus venosus is a crucial fetal circulatory structure that allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver and flow directly from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava and then to the right atrium. This shunt ensures that the most oxygenated blood reaches vital organs including the brain and heart. The ductus venosus typically closes functionally within hours after birth as placental circulation ceases and hepatic blood flow patterns change. Abnormal flow patterns in the ductus venosus detected by prenatal ultrasound can indicate fetal heart failure, growth restriction, or chromosomal abnormalities. In some cases, the ductus venosus may remain patent after birth (persistent ductus venosus), potentially causing complications such as hepatic encephalopathy due to portosystemic shunting. Understanding this structure is essential for interpreting fetal echocardiograms and managing transitional circulation issues in newborns.
Usage
Usage note: Important for understanding fetal circulation and transitional physiology.
In Context
- "Abnormal ductus venosus flow patterns on fetal echo suggested possible congenital heart disease." — Prenatal cardiology consultation
- "The ductus venosus remained patent at one month of age, requiring surgical ligation." — Pediatric surgery consultation