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kernicterus
Pronunciation: ker-NIK-ter-us
A form of brain damage caused by severe neonatal jaundice when unconjugated bilirubin crosses the blood-brain barrier.
Full Definition
Kernicterus is a serious neurological condition resulting from the deposition of unconjugated bilirubin in brain tissue, particularly in the basal ganglia and brainstem nuclei. This condition occurs when severe hyperbilirubinemia allows bilirubin to cross the blood-brain barrier, causing irreversible brain damage. Prevention through early detection and treatment of neonatal jaundice is crucial, as kernicterus can lead to cerebral palsy, hearing loss, and developmental delays.
Usage
Usage note: Represents the chronic, irreversible form of bilirubin encephalopathy; distinguish from acute presentations.
In Context
- "The infant's severe hyperbilirubinemia required immediate exchange transfusion to prevent kernicterus." — emergency treatment protocol
- "Kernicterus prevention guidelines emphasize early bilirubin monitoring in the first 48 hours of life." — clinical practice guideline
Also known as
bilirubin encephalopathy
chronic bilirubin encephalopathy
Contrasted with
normal bilirubin levels
physiologic jaundice
Don't confuse with
acute bilirubin encephalopathy
hyperbilirubinemia
physiologic jaundice