kernicterus
Pronunciation: KER-nik-ter-us
Severe form of neonatal jaundice causing permanent neurological damage due to bilirubin deposition in brain tissue.
Full Definition
Kernicterus is a serious neurological condition resulting from extremely high levels of unconjugated bilirubin that cross the blood-brain barrier and deposit in brain tissue, particularly the basal ganglia. This condition represents the most severe consequence of untreated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and can lead to permanent disabilities including cerebral palsy, hearing loss, intellectual disability, and dental enamel defects. The condition is largely preventable through early detection and treatment of severe jaundice. Modern neonatal care has significantly reduced its incidence, but it remains a critical concern requiring immediate intervention when bilirubin levels approach dangerous thresholds.
Usage
Usage note: Often confused with less severe forms of neonatal jaundice in lay documentation.
In Context
- "The infant's bilirubin level of 30 mg/dL placed him at high risk for kernicterus." — Laboratory report
- "Emergency exchange transfusion was initiated to prevent kernicterus." — Treatment protocol