meconium aspiration syndrome
Pronunciation: meh-KOH-nee-um
Also written as: MAS — Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Respiratory condition occurring when a newborn inhales meconium-stained amniotic fluid, causing airway obstruction and inflammation.
Full Definition
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) occurs when an infant inhales meconium-stained amniotic fluid during or around the time of delivery, leading to mechanical airway obstruction, chemical pneumonitis, and potential pneumothorax. Meconium passage in utero typically occurs in post-term or growth-restricted infants experiencing fetal distress. The thick, sticky nature of meconium can cause complete or partial airway blockage, leading to ventilation-perfusion mismatch and persistent pulmonary hypertension. Management includes immediate airway clearance if the infant is non-vigorous, supportive respiratory care, and potentially surfactant therapy or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe cases.
Usage
Usage note: MAS acceptable after first use; distinguish severity levels in clinical documentation.
In Context
- "The post-term infant developed meconium aspiration syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation and high-frequency oscillation." — Critical care transfer note
- "Prevention of meconium aspiration syndrome focuses on recognition of fetal distress and appropriate delivery room management." — Obstetric emergency protocol