osteopenia of prematurity
Condition in premature infants characterized by decreased bone mineral content and increased risk of fractures due to inadequate calcium and phosphorus accretion.
Full Definition
Osteopenia of prematurity is a metabolic bone disease affecting primarily very low birth weight infants, resulting from insufficient mineral accretion during the critical period of rapid fetal bone growth in the third trimester. Premature birth interrupts the normal transfer of calcium and phosphorus from mother to fetus, while prolonged parenteral nutrition, medications (such as diuretics and steroids), and limited physical activity further compromise bone mineralization. Clinical manifestations may include pathological fractures, rib fractures during routine care, delayed tooth eruption, and in severe cases, craniotabes or rickets-like deformities. Prevention focuses on optimizing nutrition with adequate calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D supplementation, along with early introduction of human milk or fortified formulas.
Usage
Usage note: Preferred term over 'rickets of prematurity' in current medical literature.
In Context
- "Serial alkaline phosphatase levels were monitored to assess for osteopenia of prematurity in the 26-week infant." — Laboratory monitoring
- "The radiograph revealed multiple rib fractures consistent with osteopenia of prematurity rather than non-accidental trauma." — Radiology report