small for gestational age

Full Definition

A classification used to describe newborns whose birth weight is below the 10th percentile for their gestational age according to standardized growth charts. SGA infants may be constitutionally small due to genetic factors or may have experienced intrauterine growth restriction due to placental insufficiency, maternal factors, or fetal conditions. These infants are at increased risk for various complications including hypoglycemia, hypothermia, polycythemia, and long-term growth and developmental issues. Assessment requires careful evaluation to determine if the small size is pathological or constitutional, as this affects management and prognosis.

Usage

Usage note: Often abbreviated as SGA; percentile should be specified when documenting.

In Context

• "The term infant was classified as small for gestational age with a birth weight in the 5th percentile." — Birth assessment
• "Small for gestational age infants require frequent glucose monitoring due to increased risk of hypoglycemia." — Nursing protocol