optic neuritis
Pronunciation: OP-tik noo-RYE-tis
Inflammation of the optic nerve typically causing acute vision loss, eye pain, and often associated with multiple sclerosis.
Full Definition
Optic neuritis is an inflammatory demyelinating condition affecting the optic nerve, most commonly seen in young adults and frequently associated with multiple sclerosis. Patients typically present with acute unilateral vision loss, retrobulbar pain that worsens with eye movement, and an afferent pupillary defect. The optic disc may appear normal (retrobulbar neuritis) or swollen (papillitis). Most cases recover spontaneously, though corticosteroids may speed recovery. The condition serves as a sentinel event for multiple sclerosis in many patients, requiring neurological follow-up and MRI evaluation.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from other optic neuropathies by emphasizing the inflammatory and often demyelinating nature.
In Context
- "The patient's presentation was consistent with typical optic neuritis, prompting MRI evaluation for multiple sclerosis." — Neuro-ophthalmology consultation
- "Bilateral simultaneous optic neuritis raised suspicion for neuromyelitis optica rather than multiple sclerosis." — Differential diagnosis discussion