immunohistochemistry
Pronunciation: im-yoo-no-his-to-CHEM-is-tree
Laboratory technique using antibodies to detect specific proteins in tissue sections for diagnostic purposes.
Full Definition
A specialized staining method that uses antibodies to identify and localize specific antigens (proteins) within tissue sections. In neuropathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is crucial for tumor classification, identifying protein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases, and distinguishing between different cell types. Common markers include GFAP for astrocytes, neurofilament for neurons, and various oncoproteins for tumor classification. The technique involves antigen retrieval, primary antibody binding, and visualization through chromogenic or fluorescent detection systems.
Usage
Usage note: Commonly abbreviated as IHC; avoid confusion with other molecular techniques.
In Context
- "Immunohistochemistry for p53 showed strong nuclear positivity in tumor cells." — pathology report
- "IHC staining patterns helped distinguish between reactive gliosis and low-grade glioma." — diagnostic workup