neuritic plaque
Extracellular amyloid-beta deposits surrounded by dystrophic neurites, a defining pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease.
Full Definition
A complex pathological structure consisting of a central core of amyloid-beta protein surrounded by swollen, abnormal neuronal processes (dystrophic neurites) that contain hyperphosphorylated tau protein, neurofilaments, and other cytoskeletal elements. These plaques represent one of the cardinal neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and are distinguished from diffuse amyloid plaques by the presence of associated neuritic pathology and local tissue reaction. Neuritic plaques are typically associated with activated microglia and reactive astrocytes, indicating ongoing inflammatory responses. They are predominantly found in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and their density correlates with cognitive decline severity. For editorial purposes, proper distinction from other plaque types and accurate description of associated cellular components are essential for maintaining diagnostic precision.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from diffuse plaques which lack neuritic components; specify staining methods when relevant.
In Context
- "Neuritic plaques were quantified using combined amyloid-beta and tau immunostaining protocols." — Methods description
- "The cortical distribution of neuritic plaques correlated significantly with clinical dementia severity." — Research results