leukomalacia
Pronunciation: /ˌluːkoʊməˈleɪʃə/
Softening and degeneration of white matter tissue, typically occurring in periventricular regions in premature infants.
Full Definition
Leukomalacia refers to the softening and degeneration of white matter tissue, most commonly occurring as periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in premature infants. This condition results from ischemic injury to the developing white matter, particularly in watershed regions of cerebral circulation. The pathological process involves initial ischemia followed by reperfusion injury, leading to oligodendrocyte death and subsequent white matter damage. On imaging, acute leukomalacia may appear as areas of restricted diffusion, while chronic changes show tissue loss, gliosis, and ventricular enlargement. PVL is a significant cause of cerebral palsy and developmental delays in survivors of premature birth.
Usage
Usage note: Specify anatomical location (periventricular, subcortical) when applicable; distinguish from leukoencephalopathy.
In Context
- "The MRI findings were consistent with periventricular leukomalacia secondary to prematurity." — Pediatric radiology report
- "Leukomalacia should be differentiated from other causes of white matter injury in editorial reviews." — Diagnostic guideline