aphasia
Language disorder affecting comprehension and expression following brain damage, distinct from speech motor problems.
Full Definition
Aphasia is an acquired language disorder resulting from damage to language-specific areas of the brain, most commonly the left hemisphere following stroke. The condition affects various aspects of language including spoken comprehension, verbal expression, reading, and writing, while typically preserving intelligence and cognitive abilities in other domains. Aphasia types include Broca's (expressive), Wernicke's (receptive), global, and anomic aphasia, each with distinct patterns of language impairment. Speech-language pathologists provide specialized assessment and treatment focusing on language rehabilitation, communication strategies, and family education to optimize functional communication outcomes.
Usage
Usage note: Specify type when known (Broca's, Wernicke's, global, anomic). Distinguish from dysarthria and cognitive disorders.
In Context
- "The patient developed Broca's aphasia following the left frontal stroke." — Neurological assessment report
- "Aphasia therapy incorporated semantic feature analysis techniques." — Speech therapy treatment plan