spasticity
Velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone causing stiffness and movement difficulties in neurological conditions.
Full Definition
Spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone, resulting in stiffness, involuntary muscle contractions, and impaired movement patterns. This upper motor neuron sign commonly occurs following stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and in conditions like multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy. Spasticity can significantly interfere with functional activities, causing pain, contractures, and reduced quality of life. Management approaches in rehabilitation include stretching, positioning, pharmacological interventions (such as baclofen or botulinum toxin), and sometimes surgical interventions like selective dorsal rhizotomy.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from rigidity (not velocity-dependent) and dystonia (involuntary movements).
In Context
- "The patient's spasticity in the affected arm limited functional hand use." — Occupational therapy assessment
- "Botulinum toxin injections were recommended to manage severe spasticity." — Multidisciplinary team meeting notes