lateralization
Preferential localization of specific neural functions to one hemisphere of the brain rather than being equally distributed.
Full Definition
Lateralization refers to the asymmetric organization of brain function, where certain cognitive and motor processes are predominantly controlled by one cerebral hemisphere rather than being symmetrically distributed. Classic examples include left-hemisphere dominance for language in most individuals and right-hemisphere specialization for spatial processing. This functional asymmetry can be assessed through various techniques including dichotic listening, divided visual field studies, and neuroimaging approaches.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from simple 'laterality' (sidedness) - lateralization specifically refers to functional brain asymmetry.
In Context
- "Language lateralization was assessed using functional MRI during speech tasks." — Cognitive neuroscience study
- "Patients showed reduced lateralization of motor control following corpus callosotomy." — Split-brain research paper