optogenetics
Pronunciation: op-to-jen-ET-iks
Technique using light to control genetically modified neurons expressing light-sensitive proteins.
Full Definition
Optogenetics is a revolutionary neuroscience technique that combines genetic engineering and optical stimulation to achieve precise control of specific neural circuits. Researchers introduce light-sensitive ion channels (opsins) into target neurons, allowing them to activate or inhibit these cells with millisecond precision using pulses of light. This technology has transformed neuroscience research by enabling causal manipulation of neural activity in behaving animals, leading to breakthrough insights into brain function and potential therapeutic applications for neurological disorders.
Usage
Usage note: Do not confuse with chemogenetics (DREADD), which uses designer drugs rather than light.
In Context
- "The researchers used optogenetics to selectively activate dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area." — Methods section
- "Optogenetics studies revealed the causal role of specific neural circuits in anxiety-like behavior." — Research findings