perikaryon

Full Definition

The perikaryon, also called the soma, is the main cell body of a neuron that houses the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and other essential organelles. This region is responsible for most of the cell's metabolic activities and protein synthesis. In neurobiological texts, editors must distinguish between references to the entire neuron versus specifically the perikaryon when describing cellular processes or pathological changes.

Usage

Usage note: Prefer 'perikaryon' in formal neuroanatomical contexts; 'cell body' is acceptable in general descriptions.

In Context

• "Nissl bodies are prominent in the perikaryon of motor neurons." — Research paper on neuronal morphology
• "Viral inclusions were observed within the perikaryon but not in dendritic processes." — Pathology report