herniation
Displacement of brain tissue from one intracranial compartment to another due to mass effect, representing a neurosurgical emergency.
Full Definition
Brain herniation occurs when increased intracranial pressure causes displacement of brain tissue from its normal anatomical position into adjacent compartments through natural or pathological openings. Common types include uncal herniation (temporal lobe through tentorial incisura), central transtentorial herniation, and tonsillar herniation through the foramen magnum. Herniation syndromes present with characteristic clinical findings such as pupillary changes, altered consciousness, and motor deficits. Recognition requires immediate neurosurgical intervention to prevent irreversible neurological damage or death. Clinical documentation must capture the urgency and specific type of herniation syndrome identified.
Usage
Usage note: Always specify type (uncal, central, tonsillar) and associated clinical findings.
In Context
- "CT imaging revealed uncal herniation with brainstem compression requiring emergency craniectomy." — Emergency consultation
- "Clinical signs of impending herniation prompted immediate osmotic therapy." — Critical care note