mannitol
Pronunciation: /ˈmænɪtɔl/
Osmotic diuretic medication used to reduce intracranial pressure by drawing fluid from brain tissue into the vascular space.
Full Definition
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic commonly used in neurocritical care to reduce intracranial pressure and cerebral edema. It works by creating an osmotic gradient that draws water from brain tissue into the intravascular compartment, thereby reducing brain volume. Mannitol is typically administered as a 20% solution intravenously in bolus doses of 0.25-1 g/kg. Effects are usually seen within 15-30 minutes and last 1.5-6 hours. Contraindications include severe congestive heart failure and anuria. Monitoring includes serum osmolality, electrolytes, and renal function. In clinical documentation, dosing, timing, and response to mannitol therapy must be carefully recorded.
Usage
Usage note: Document dosing, serum osmolality levels, and contraindications; monitor for rebound effect.
In Context
- "Mannitol 1 g/kg was administered with subsequent reduction in ICP from 30 to 18 mmHg." — Treatment response note
- "Serum osmolality increased to 315 mOsm/kg following repeated mannitol doses." — Laboratory monitoring