temporal lobe epilepsy
The most common form of focal epilepsy, originating from temporal lobe structures and often associated with hippocampal sclerosis.
Full Definition
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) represents the most frequent type of focal epilepsy in adults, characterized by seizures originating from temporal lobe structures including the hippocampus, amygdala, or neocortical temporal regions. TLE is subdivided into mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (involving hippocampus and amygdala) and neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy. Common etiologies include hippocampal sclerosis, developmental malformations, tumors, and prior infections. Typical seizure semiology includes auras (especially olfactory, gustatory, or experiential), behavioral arrest, and automatisms. EEG patterns may show interictal temporal sharp waves and ictal rhythmic theta activity. TLE often responds well to anterior temporal lobectomy when medically refractory.
Usage
Usage note: Specify mesial vs. neocortical when the distinction is clinically relevant.
In Context
- "The patient's temporal lobe epilepsy was characterized by monthly complex partial seizures with olfactory auras." — Epilepsy clinic note
- "MRI revealed left hippocampal sclerosis consistent with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy." — Presurgical evaluation report