arcuate nucleus
Pronunciation: AR-kyu-it
A hypothalamic region containing neurons that produce appetite-regulating hormones and growth hormone-releasing factor.
Full Definition
The arcuate nucleus is a critical hypothalamic structure located at the base of the third ventricle, containing specialized neurons that regulate energy homeostasis and growth. This nucleus houses neurons producing neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, and pro-opiomelanocortin, which collectively control feeding behavior and metabolism. It also contains neurons that produce growth hormone-releasing hormone, making it essential for both metabolic regulation and growth control. The arcuate nucleus serves as a key integration center where peripheral hormonal signals like leptin and ghrelin converge to influence hypothalamic output.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as ARC in research literature; ensure consistency within documents.
In Context
- "Lesions in the arcuate nucleus can result in severe obesity due to disrupted leptin signaling." — Clinical research paper
- "The arcuate nucleus shows increased c-fos expression following fasting in experimental models." — Laboratory report