enterochromaffin cell
Specialized neuroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract that produce serotonin and other regulatory peptides.
Full Definition
Enterochromaffin cells are the most abundant type of enteroendocrine cells found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the small intestine and appendix. These cells contain characteristic dense-core secretory granules that stain with silver-based methods (hence 'chromaffin'). They primarily produce serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), along with substance P, motilin, and other bioactive peptides. Enterochromaffin cells play crucial roles in gut motility, secretion, and sensation. They are the cell of origin for most midgut carcinoid tumors, which can cause carcinoid syndrome through excessive serotonin production. These cells express various markers including chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and serotonin, which are used in diagnostic immunohistochemistry.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from 'enterochromaffin-like' (ECL) cells, which are a different cell type.
In Context
- "The tumor showed positive staining for serotonin, confirming its origin from enterochromaffin cells." — Pathology report
- "Hyperplasia of enterochromaffin cells was observed in the terminal ileum adjacent to the carcinoid tumor." — Histopathological examination