supraoptic nucleus
Pronunciation: soo-pra-OP-tic NEW-klee-us
Also written as: SON
Hypothalamic nucleus containing magnocellular neurons that produce oxytocin and vasopressin for posterior pituitary release.
Full Definition
The supraoptic nucleus is a bilateral hypothalamic nucleus located above the optic chiasm that contains primarily magnocellular neurons. These large neurons synthesize either oxytocin or vasopressin (but not both) and transport these hormones via their axons through the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract to the posterior pituitary for storage and release. The supraoptic nucleus is essential for maintaining fluid balance and reproductive functions.
Usage
Usage note: Contains magnocellular neurons; distinguish from suprachiasmatic nucleus which regulates circadian rhythms.
In Context
- "Lesions of the supraoptic nucleus resulted in severe diabetes insipidus." — Experimental neuroscience study
- "The supraoptic nucleus showed intense c-fos immunoreactivity following dehydration." — Molecular biology research paper