astrocytoma
Pronunciation: as-tro-sy-TO-ma
A type of brain tumor arising from astrocytes, potentially triggering paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.
Full Definition
Astrocytoma is a type of primary brain tumor that arises from astrocytes, star-shaped glial cells that provide structural and metabolic support to neurons. These tumors are classified by the World Health Organization into grades I-IV, with higher grades indicating more aggressive behavior and poorer prognosis. In neuroimmunology, astrocytomas are significant because they can trigger paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, where the immune system's response to the tumor cross-reacts with normal brain tissue. Additionally, some astrocytomas may present diagnostic challenges when their inflammatory appearance mimics primary neuroinflammatory conditions. The tumor microenvironment of astrocytomas involves complex interactions between neoplastic cells, immune cells, and the blood-brain barrier, making them relevant to neuroimmunological research.
Usage
Usage note: Always specify WHO grade when discussing astrocytomas in clinical contexts.
In Context
- "The biopsy confirmed a grade II astrocytoma with minimal inflammatory infiltrate." — Pathology report
- "Differential diagnosis included inflammatory lesion versus low-grade astrocytoma." — Radiology interpretation