central tolerance
Process by which autoreactive immune cells are eliminated during development in primary lymphoid organs.
Full Definition
Central tolerance is a fundamental immunological mechanism that prevents autoimmune disease by eliminating or rendering non-functional immune cells that recognize self-antigens during their development in primary lymphoid organs (thymus for T cells, bone marrow for B cells). This process involves negative selection, where developing lymphocytes that bind strongly to self-antigens undergo apoptosis or become regulatory cells. Failure of central tolerance mechanisms can lead to the development of autoreactive immune cells that may subsequently cause autoimmune neurological diseases. Understanding central tolerance is crucial for comprehending how autoimmune neuroinflammatory conditions develop and how they might be prevented or treated.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from peripheral tolerance, which occurs outside primary lymphoid organs.
In Context
- "Breakdown of central tolerance may contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis in genetically susceptible individuals." — Immunology research paper
- "Central tolerance mechanisms normally prevent the generation of T cells reactive against myelin proteins." — Educational material