oligoclonal bands
Distinct protein bands found in cerebrospinal fluid electrophoresis, indicating intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis in neuroinflammatory diseases.
Full Definition
Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) are discrete bands of immunoglobulins detected by electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid that are not present in serum, or are present in much higher concentrations in CSF than serum. They represent evidence of local antibody production within the central nervous system and are a hallmark laboratory finding in multiple sclerosis, appearing in approximately 95% of patients. The presence of OCBs supports the diagnosis of inflammatory CNS diseases and helps distinguish them from non-inflammatory neurological conditions. The bands typically consist of IgG antibodies produced by plasma cells that have crossed the blood-brain barrier.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as OCBs in clinical documentation.
In Context
- "Oligoclonal bands were detected in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid, supporting the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis." — Laboratory report
- "The absence of oligoclonal bands does not rule out inflammatory CNS disease but makes it less likely." — Clinical guideline