functional connectivity
Statistical dependence between neural activity in different brain regions, measured as temporal correlation of neuroimaging signals.
Full Definition
Functional connectivity refers to the statistical association between neural activity patterns in spatially distinct brain regions, typically measured as the temporal correlation of neuroimaging signals. Unlike structural connectivity which reflects physical anatomical connections, functional connectivity captures coordinated activity patterns that may occur through direct or indirect neural pathways. The measure is commonly computed using Pearson correlation between time series extracted from different brain regions, though more sophisticated measures like partial correlation, coherence, and dynamic connectivity are also employed. Functional connectivity analysis has revealed organized brain networks including the default mode, salience, and executive control networks, and alterations in connectivity patterns are associated with various neurological and psychiatric conditions.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from effective connectivity, which implies causal relationships.
In Context
- "Functional connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex was reduced in anxiety patients." — Clinical neuroimaging study
- "The analysis revealed increased functional connectivity within the default mode network during rest." — Resting-state fMRI paper