dermatomyositis
Pronunciation: der-ma-toe-my-oh-SY-tis
Inflammatory myopathy characterized by distinctive skin changes and muscle weakness, often associated with underlying malignancy.
Full Definition
Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune inflammatory myopathy distinguished by characteristic cutaneous manifestations including heliotrope rash, Gottron's papules, and photosensitive skin changes, combined with proximal muscle weakness. The condition can occur at any age, with bimodal peaks in children and adults over 40. Adult-onset dermatomyositis is associated with increased malignancy risk, particularly ovarian, lung, and gastrointestinal cancers. Muscle biopsy reveals perifascicular atrophy and perivascular inflammation. Laboratory findings include elevated muscle enzymes and specific myositis-associated antibodies. Treatment involves corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and sun protection measures. Cancer screening is essential in adult cases given the paraneoplastic association.
Usage
Usage note: DM abbreviation may be confused with diabetes mellitus; spell out when context unclear.
In Context
- "The patient's dermatomyositis presented with classic Gottron's papules over the knuckles and proximal weakness." — Clinical case presentation
- "Cancer screening revealed ovarian malignancy in this 55-year-old woman with dermatomyositis." — Oncology consultation