chromatolytic neuron
Neuron showing dissolution of Nissl bodies due to injury or stress, indicating cellular damage or metabolic disturbance.
Full Definition
Chromatolytic neurons are nerve cells that have lost their normal Nissl bodies (rough endoplasmic reticulum) due to injury, ischemia, or metabolic stress. This process, called chromatolysis, results in neurons appearing pale and swollen with dispersed ribosomes rather than the normal basophilic Nissl substance. Central chromatolysis specifically refers to the loss of Nissl bodies around the nucleus while preserving those in the periphery, often seen in axonal injury. Chromatolytic changes can be reversible if the underlying cause is addressed early, but severe or prolonged chromatolysis may lead to neuronal death. This finding is common in various pathological conditions including stroke, viral encephalitis, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from artifact; correlate with clinical timeline and other pathological changes.
In Context
- "Many chromatolytic neurons were present in the affected motor cortex." — Acute stroke evaluation
- "The degree of chromatolysis suggested reversible neuronal injury." — Therapeutic intervention study