microglial nodule

Full Definition

Microglial nodules are discrete clusters of activated microglial cells that form in response to neuronal injury, infection, or inflammatory stimuli. These structures represent the brain's innate immune response and are commonly seen in viral encephalitis, hypoxic-ischemic injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. The nodules may contain debris from damaged neurons and can persist long after the initial insult. Their identification helps pathologists assess the nature and timeline of brain injury.

In Context

• "Multiple microglial nodules were scattered throughout the cortical gray matter." — Encephalitis diagnosis
• "The presence of microglial nodules suggests ongoing inflammatory activity in the brain parenchyma." — Pathology consultation